diff --git a/cleanup b/cleanup
index ba031eda6752ac7bd4a55ae8d38c4f674736f307..2375e848c6f504939fd819471543bbc9cf317159 100755
--- a/cleanup
+++ b/cleanup
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ done
echo "Removing excess controllers/ofprotocols/ofdatapaths/pings"
killall -9 controller ofprotocol ofdatapath ping 2> /dev/null
+echo "Removing excess kernel datapath processes"
+ps ax | grep 'dp[0-9]' | awk '{print $1;}' | xargs kill
+
echo "Removing vconn junk in /tmp"
rm -f /tmp/vconn* /tmp/vlogs* /tmp/*.out /tmp/*.log
+
diff --git a/mininet.py b/mininet.py
index f5a25181996bdf75eab4dd2880f4807484e37a4c..fe5091535ad1be2048214fde30142fa50bfdb3fc 100755
--- a/mininet.py
+++ b/mininet.py
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
#!/usr/bin/python
"""
-
Mininet: A simple networking testbed for OpenFlow!
-Mininet creates a simple test network for OpenFlow by using
+Mininet creates simple OpenFlow test networks by using
process-based virtualization and network namespaces.
This file supports use of either the kernel or user space datapath
@@ -12,35 +11,34 @@
supported using the kernel datapath, and 512 (or more) switches are
supported via the user datapath.
-Simulated hosts are created as processes in
-separate network namespaces. This allows a complete OpenFlow
-network to be simulated on top of a single Linux kernel.
+Simulated hosts are created as processes in separate network
+namespaces. This allows a complete OpenFlow network to be simulated on
+top of a single Linux kernel.
Each host has:
A virtual console (pipes to a shell)
A virtual interfaces (half of a veth pair)
- A namespaced parent shell (and possibly some child processes)
+ A parent shell (and possibly some child processes) in a namespace
-Hosts have a network interface which is
-configured via ifconfig/ip link/etc. with data network IP
-addresses (e.g. 192.168.123.2 )
+Hosts have a network interface which is configured via ifconfig/ip
+link/etc. with data network IP addresses (e.g. 192.168.123.2 )
In kernel datapath mode, the controller and switches are simply
processes in the root namespace.
-Kernel OpenFlow datapaths are instantiated using dpctl, and are
-attached to the one side of a veth pair; the other side resides in
-the host namespace. In this mode, switch processes can simply
-connect to the controller via the loopback interface.
+Kernel OpenFlow datapaths are instantiated using dpctl(8), and are attached
+to the one side of a veth pair; the other side resides in the host
+namespace. In this mode, switch processes can simply connect to the
+controller via the loopback interface.
-In user datapath mode, the controller and switch are full-service
-nodes that live in their own network namespace and have management
+In user datapath mode, the controller and switches are full-service
+nodes that live in their own network namespaces and have management
interfaces and IP addresses on a control network (e.g. 10.0.123.1,
currently routed although it could be bridged.)
In addition to a management interface, user mode switches also have
-several switch interfaces, halves of veth pairs whose other halves
-reside in the host nodes that the switches are connected to.
+several switch interfaces, halves of veth pairs whose other halves reside
+in the host nodes that the switches are connected to.
Naming:
Host nodes are named h1-hN
@@ -65,16 +63,13 @@
History:
11/19/09 Initial revision (user datapath only)
-12/8/08 Kernel datapath support complete
-
+12/08/09 Kernel datapath support complete
+12/09/09 Moved controller and switch routines into classes
"""
-# Note: this script must be run as root
-# Perhaps we should do so automatically!
-
from subprocess import call, check_call, Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
from time import sleep
-import re, os, signal, sys, select
+import os, re, signal, sys, select
flush = sys.stdout.flush
from resource import setrlimit, RLIMIT_NPROC, RLIMIT_NOFILE
@@ -106,11 +101,6 @@ def quietRun( cmd ):
if popen.returncode != None: break
return output
-# Command paths
-netns = "/usr/local/bin/netns"
-bash = "/bin/bash"
-ifconfig = "/sbin/ifconfig"
-
class Node( object ):
"""A virtual network node is simply a shell in a network namespace.
We communicate with it using pipes."""
@@ -118,9 +108,9 @@ def __init__( self, name, inNamespace=True ):
self.name = name
closeFds = False # speed vs. memory use
# xpg_echo is needed so we can echo our sentinel in sendCmd
- cmd = [ bash, '-O', 'xpg_echo' ]
+ cmd = [ '/bin/bash', '-O', 'xpg_echo' ]
self.inNamespace = inNamespace
- if self.inNamespace: cmd = [ netns ] + cmd
+ if self.inNamespace: cmd = [ 'netns' ] + cmd
self.shell = Popen( cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT,
close_fds=closeFds )
self.stdin = self.shell.stdin
@@ -135,8 +125,7 @@ def __init__( self, name, inNamespace=True ):
self.ips = {}
self.connection = {}
self.waiting = False
- # For sanity check, try bringing up loopback interface
- # self.cmd( "ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1 up" )
+ # Subshell I/O, commands and control
def read( self, max ): return os.read( self.stdout.fileno(), max )
def write( self, data ): os.write( self.stdin.fileno(), data )
def terminate( self ): os.kill( self.pid, signal.SIGKILL )
@@ -190,6 +179,7 @@ def cmdPrint( self, cmd ):
result = self.cmd( cmd )
print result,
return result
+ # Interface management, configuration, and routing
def intfName( self, n):
"Construct a canonical interface name node-intf for interface N."
return self.name + '-eth' + `n`
@@ -201,7 +191,7 @@ def newIntf( self ):
return intfName
def setIP( self, intf, ip, bits ):
"Set an interface's IP address."
- result = self.cmd( [ ifconfig, intf, ip + bits, 'up' ] )
+ result = self.cmd( [ 'ifconfig', intf, ip + bits, 'up' ] )
self.ips[ intf ] = ip
return result
def setHostRoute( self, ip, intf ):
@@ -213,13 +203,17 @@ def setDefaultRoute( self, intf ):
return self.cmd( 'route add default ' + intf )
def IP( self ):
"Return IP address of first interface"
- return self.ips[ self.intfs[ 0 ] ]
+ return self.ips[ self.intfs[ 0 ] ]
+ def intfIsUp( self, intf ):
+ "Check if one of our interfaces is up."
+ return 'UP' in self.cmd( 'ifconfig ' + self.intfs[ 0 ] )
+ # Other methods
def __str__( self ):
result = self.name
result += ": IP=" + self.IP() + " intfs=" + self.intfs
result += " waiting=", self.waiting
return result
-
+
# Maintain mapping between i/o pipes and nodes
# This could be useful for monitoring multiple nodes
# using select.poll()
@@ -233,20 +227,93 @@ def nodeFromFile( f ):
node = outToNode.get( f )
return node or inToNode.get( f )
-def createNodes( name, count ):
- "Create and return a list of nodes."
- nodes = [ Node( name + `i` ) for i in range( 0, count ) ]
- # print "*** CreateNodes: created:", nodes
- return nodes
-
+class Host( Node ):
+ """A host is simply a Node."""
+ pass
+
+class Controller( Node ):
+ """A Controller is a Node that is running (or has execed) an
+ OpenFlow controller."""
+ def __init__( self, name, kernel=True ):
+ Node.__init__( self, name, inNamespace=( not kernel ) )
+ def start( self, cprog='controller', cargs='ptcp:' ):
+ "Start <cprog cargs> on controller, logging to /tmp/cN.log"
+ cout = '/tmp/' + self.name + '.log'
+ self.cmdPrint( cprog + ' ' + cargs +
+ ' 1> ' + cout + ' 2> ' + cout + ' &' )
+ def stop( self, cprog='controller' ):
+ "Stop controller cprog on controller"
+ self.cmd( "kill %" + cprog )
+
+class Switch( Node ):
+ """A Switch is a Node that is running (or has execed)
+ an OpenFlow switch."""
+ def __init__( self, name, datapath=None ):
+ self.dp = datapath
+ self.execed = False
+ Node.__init__( self, name, inNamespace=( datapath == None ) )
+ def startUserDatapath( self, controller ):
+ """Start OpenFlow reference user datapath,
+ logging to /tmp/sN-{ofd,ofp}.log"""
+ ofdlog = '/tmp/' + self.name + '-ofd.log'
+ ofplog = '/tmp/' + self.name + '-ofp.log'
+ self.cmd( 'ifconfig lo up' )
+ intfs = self.intfs[ 1 : ] # 0 is mgmt interface
+ self.cmdPrint( 'ofdatapath -i ' + ','.join( intfs ) +
+ ' ptcp: 1> ' + ofdlog + ' 2> '+ ofdlog + ' &' )
+ self.cmdPrint( 'ofprotocol tcp:' + controller.IP() +
+ ' tcp:localhost 1> ' + ofplog + ' 2>' + ofplog + ' &' )
+ def stopUserDatapath( self ):
+ "Stop OpenFlow reference user datapath."
+ self.cmd( "kill %ofdatapath" )
+ self.cmd( "kill %ofprotocol" )
+ def startKernelDatapath( self, controller):
+ "Start up switch using OpenFlow reference kernel datapath."
+ ofplog = '/tmp/' + self.name + '-ofp.log'
+ quietRun( 'ifconfig lo up' )
+ # Delete local datapath if it exists;
+ # then create a new one monitoring the given interfaces
+ quietRun( 'dpctl deldp ' + self.dp )
+ self.cmdPrint( 'dpctl adddp ' + self.dp )
+ self.cmdPrint( 'dpctl addif ' + self.dp + ' ' + ' '.join( self.intfs ) )
+ # Become protocol daemon
+ self.cmdPrint( 'exec ofprotocol' +
+ ' ' + self.dp + ' tcp:127.0.0.1 1> ' + ofplog + ' 2>' + ofplog + ' &' )
+ self.execed = True
+ def stopKernelDatapath( self ):
+ "Terminate a switch using OpenFlow reference kernel datapath."
+ quietRun( 'dpctl deldp ' + self.dp )
+ for intf in self.intfs: quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf )
+ self.terminate()
+ def start( self, controller ):
+ if self.dp is None: self.startUserDatapath( controller )
+ else: self.startKernelDatapath( controller )
+ def stop( self ):
+ if self.dp is None: self.stopUserDatapath()
+ else: self.stopKernelDatapath()
+ # Handle non-interaction if we've execed
+ def sendCmd( self, cmd ):
+ if not self.execed: return Node.sendCmd( self, cmd )
+ else: print "*** Error:", self.name, "has execed and cannot accept commands"
+ def monitor( self ):
+ if not self.execed: return Node.monitor( self )
+ else: return True, ''
+
# Interface management
#
-# We connect nodes by creating a pair of veth interfaces,
-# and then placing them in the pair of nodes that we want
-# to communicate. Interfaces are named nodeN-ethM
+# Interfaces are managed as strings which are simply the
+# interface names, of the form "nodeN-ethM".
+#
+# To connect nodes, we create a pair of veth interfaces, and then place them
+# in the pair of nodes that we want to communicate. We then update the node's
+# list of interfaces and connectivity map.
+#
+# For the kernel datapath, switch interfaces
+# live in the root namespace and thus do not have to be
+# explicitly moved.
def makeIntfPair( intf1, intf2 ):
- "Make a veth pair of intf1 and intf2"
+ "Make a veth pair of intf1 and intf2."
# Delete any old interfaces with the same names
quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf1 )
quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf2 )
@@ -255,7 +322,7 @@ def makeIntfPair( intf1, intf2 ):
return checkRun( cmd )
def moveIntf( intf, node ):
- "Move intf to node"
+ "Move intf to node."
cmd = 'ip link set ' + intf + ' netns ' + `node.pid`
checkRun( cmd )
links = node.cmd( 'ip link show' )
@@ -277,50 +344,20 @@ def createLink( node1, node2 ):
return intf1, intf2
# Handy utilities
-
-def parsePing( pingOutput ):
- "Parse ping output and return packets sent, received"
- r = r'(\d+) packets transmitted, (\d+) received'
- m = re.search( r, pingOutput )
- if m == None:
- print "*** Error: could not parse ping output:", pingOutput
- exit( 1 )
- sent, received = int( m.group( 1 ) ), int( m.group( 2 ) )
- return sent, received
-
-def pingTest( hosts, verbose=False ):
- "Test that each host can reach every other host."
- packets = 0 ; lost = 0
- for node in hosts:
- if verbose:
- print node.name, "->", ; flush()
- for dest in hosts:
- if node != dest:
- result = node.cmd( 'ping -c1 ' + dest.IP() )
- sent, received = parsePing( result )
- packets += sent
- if received > sent:
- print "*** Error: received too many packets"
- print result
- node.cmdPrint( 'route' )
- exit( 1 )
- lost += sent - received
- if verbose:
- print ( dest.name if received else "X" ), ; flush()
- if verbose: print
- ploss = 100 * lost/packets
- if verbose:
- print "%d%% packet loss (%d/%d lost)" % ( ploss, lost, packets )
- flush()
- return ploss
-
+
+def createNodes( name, count ):
+ "Create and return a list of nodes."
+ nodes = [ Node( name + `i` ) for i in range( 0, count ) ]
+ # print "*** CreateNodes: created:", nodes
+ return nodes
+
def dumpNodes( nodes ):
"Dump ifconfig of each node."
for node in nodes:
print "*** Dumping node", node.name
print node.cmd( 'ip link show' )
print node.cmd( 'route' )
-
+
def ipGen( A, B, c, d ):
"Generate next IP class B IP address, starting at A.B.c.d"
while True:
@@ -334,45 +371,43 @@ def ipGen( A, B, c, d ):
def nameGen( prefix ):
"Generate names starting with prefix."
i = 0
- while True:
- yield prefix + `i`
- i += 1
-
+ while True: yield prefix + `i`; i += 1
+
# Control network support
-# Instead of routing, we could bridge or use "in-band" control
-
-def checkUp( node ):
- "Make sure node's first interface is up."
- return 'UP' in node.cmd( 'ifconfig ' + node.intfs[ 0 ] )
+# For the user datapath, we create an explicit control network.
+# Note: Instead of routing, we could bridge or use "in-band" control
-def configRoutedControlNetwork( controller, switches ):
- "Configure a routed control network on controller and switches."
- cip = '10.0.0.1'
- sips = ipGen( 10, 123, 0, 1)
+def configRoutedControlNetwork( controller, switches,
+ startAddr=( 10, 123, 0, 1 ) ):
+ """Configure a routed control network on controller and switches,
+ for use with the user datapath."""
+ ips = apply( ipGen, startAddr )
+ cip = ips.next()
print controller.name, '<->',
for switch in switches:
print switch.name, ; flush()
- sip = sips.next()
+ sip = ips.next()
sintf = switch.intfs[ 0 ]
node, cintf = switch.connection[ sintf ]
- assert node == controller
- controller.setIP( cintf, cip, '/24')
+ if node != controller:
+ print "*** Error: switch", switch.name,
+ print "not connected to correct controller"
+ exit( 1 )
+ controller.setIP( cintf, cip, '/24' )
switch.setIP( sintf, sip, '/24' )
controller.setHostRoute( sip, cintf )
switch.setHostRoute( cip, sintf )
print
print "*** Testing control network"
- while not checkUp( controller ):
+ while not controller.intfIsUp( controller.intfs[ 0 ] ):
print "*** Waiting for ", controller.intfs[ 0 ], "to come up"
sleep( 1 )
for switch in switches:
- while not checkUp( switch ):
- print "*** Waiting for ", controller.intfs[ 0 ], "to come up"
+ while not switch.intfIsUp( switch.intfs[ 0 ] ):
+ print "*** Waiting for ", switch.intfs[ 0 ], "to come up"
sleep( 1 )
- if pingTest( [ switch, controller ] ) != 0:
- print "*** Error: control network test failed"
- else:
- return
+ if pingTest( [ switch, controller ] ) != 0:
+ print "*** Error: control network test failed"
exit( 1 )
def configHosts( hosts, ( a, b, c, d ) ):
@@ -386,236 +421,313 @@ def configHosts( hosts, ( a, b, c, d ) ):
quietRun( 'renice +18 -p ' + `host.pid` )
print host.name, ; flush()
print
+
+# Test driver and topologies
+
+class Network( object ):
+ "Network topology (and test driver) base class."
+ def __init__( self, kernel=True, startAddr=( 192, 168, 123, 1) ):
+ self.kernel, self.startAddr = kernel, startAddr
+ # In progress: we probably want to decouple creating/starting/stopping
+ # the network and running tests, since we might wish to run
+ # multiple tests on the same network. It's not clear if the network
+ # should always be started/stopped for each test or not. Probably
+ # not...
+ def run( self, test ):
+ """Create a network by calling makeNet as follows:
+ (switches, hosts ) = makeNet()
+ and then run test( controller, switches, hosts ) on it."""
+ kernel = self.kernel
+ if kernel: print "*** Using kernel datapath"
+ else: print "*** Using user datapath"
+ print "*** Creating controller"
+ controller = Controller( 'c0', kernel )
+ print "*** Creating network"
+ switches, hosts = self.makeNet()
+ print
+ if not kernel:
+ print "*** Configuring control network"
+ configRoutedControlNetwork( controller, switches )
+ print "*** Configuring hosts"
+ configHosts( hosts, self.startAddr )
+ print "*** Starting reference controller"
+ controller.start()
+ print "*** Starting switches"
+ for switch in switches:
+ switch.start( controller )
+ print "*** Running test"
+ test( [ controller ], switches, hosts )
+ print "*** Stopping controller"
+ controller.stop()
+ print "*** Stopping switches"
+ for switch in switches:
+ switch.stop()
+ print "*** Test complete"
+ def interact( self ):
+ "Create a network and run our simple CLI."
+ self.run( self, Cli )
+
+def defaultNames( snames=None, hnames=None, dpnames=None ):
+ "Reinitialize default names from generators, if necessary."
+ if snames is None: snames = nameGen( 's' )
+ if hnames is None: hnames = nameGen( 'h' )
+ if dpnames is None: dpnames = nameGen( 'nl:' )
+ return snames, hnames, dpnames
+
+# Tree network
+
+class TreeNet( Network ):
+ "A tree-structured network of the given depth and fanout"
+ def __init__( self, depth, fanout, kernel=True):
+ self.depth, self.fanout = depth, fanout
+ Network.__init__( self, kernel )
+ def treeNet( self, depth, fanout, kernel=True, snames=None,
+ hnames=None, dpnames=None ):
+ """Return a tree network of the given depth and fanout as a triple:
+ ( root, switches, hosts ), using the given switch, host and
+ datapath name generators, with the switches connected to the given
+ controller. If kernel=True, use the kernel datapath; otherwise the
+ user datapath will be used."""
+ # Ugly, but necessary (?) since defaults are only evaluated once
+ snames, hnames, dpnames = defaultNames( snames, hnames, dpnames )
+ if ( depth == 0 ):
+ host = Host( hnames.next() )
+ print host.name, ; flush()
+ return host, [], [ host ]
+ dp = dpnames.next() if kernel else None
+ switch = Switch( snames.next(), dp )
+ if not kernel: createLink( switch, controller )
+ print switch.name, ; flush()
+ switches, hosts = [ switch ], []
+ for i in range( 0, fanout ):
+ child, slist, hlist = self.treeNet(
+ depth - 1, fanout, kernel, snames, hnames, dpnames )
+ createLink( switch, child )
+ switches += slist
+ hosts += hlist
+ return switch, switches, hosts
+ def makeNet( self ):
+ root, switches, hosts = self.treeNet(
+ self.depth, self.fanout, self.kernel)
+ return switches, hosts
+
+# Grid network
+
+class GridNet( Network ):
+ "An n x m grid/mesh network of switches, with hosts at the edges."
+ def __init__( self, n, m, kernel=True, linear=False ):
+ self.n, self.m, self.linear = n, m, linear and m == 1
+ print "m=",m
+ Network.__init__( self, kernel )
+ def makeNet( self ):
+ snames, hnames, dpnames = defaultNames()
+ n, m = self.n, self.m
+ hosts = []
+ switches = []
+ kernel = self.kernel
+ rows = []
+ if not self.linear:
+ print "*** gridNet: creating", n, "x", m, "grid of switches" ; flush()
+ for y in range( 0, m ):
+ row = []
+ for x in range( 0, n ):
+ dp = dpnames.next() if kernel else None
+ switch = Switch( snames.next(), dp )
+ if not kernel: createLink( switch, controller )
+ row.append( switch )
+ switches += [ switch ]
+ print switch.name, ; flush()
+ rows += [ row ]
+ # Hook up rows
+ for row in rows:
+ previous = None
+ for switch in row:
+ if previous is not None:
+ createLink( switch, previous )
+ previous = switch
+ h1, h2 = Host( hnames.next() ), Host( hnames.next() )
+ createLink( h1, row[ 0 ] )
+ createLink( h2, row[ -1 ] )
+ hosts += [ h1, h2 ]
+ print h1.name, h2.name, ; flush()
+ # Return here if we're using this to make a linear network
+ if self.linear:
+ print "returning linear network"
+ return switches, hosts
+ # Hook up columns
+ for x in range( 0, n ):
+ previous = None
+ for y in range( 0, m ):
+ switch = rows[ y ][ x ]
+ if previous is not None:
+ createLink( switch, previous )
+ previous = switch
+ h1, h2 = Host( hnames.next() ), Host( hnames.next() )
+ createLink( h1, rows[ 0 ][ x ] )
+ createLink( h2, rows[ -1 ][ x ] )
+ hosts += [ h1, h2 ]
+ print h1.name, h2.name, ; flush()
+ return switches, hosts
+
+class LinearNet( GridNet ):
+ def __init__( self, switchCount, kernel=True ):
+ self.switchCount = switchCount
+ GridNet.__init__( self, switchCount, 1, kernel, linear=True )
+
+# Tests
-def startController( controller, cprog='controller', cargs='ptcp:' ):
- "Start <cprog cargs> on controller, logging to /tmp/cN.log"
- cout = '/tmp/' + controller.name + '.log'
- controller.cmdPrint( cprog + ' ' + cargs +
- ' 1> ' + cout + ' 2> ' + cout + ' &' )
+def parsePing( pingOutput ):
+ "Parse ping output and return packets sent, received."
+ r = r'(\d+) packets transmitted, (\d+) received'
+ m = re.search( r, pingOutput )
+ if m == None:
+ print "*** Error: could not parse ping output:", pingOutput
+ exit( 1 )
+ sent, received = int( m.group( 1 ) ), int( m.group( 2 ) )
+ return sent, received
-def stopController( controller, cprog='controller' ):
- "Stop controller cprog on controller"
- controller.cmd( "kill %" + cprog )
-
-def startOpenFlowU( switch, controller ):
- """Start OpenFlow reference user datapath on a switch,
- logging to /tmp/sN-{ofd,ofp}.log"""
- ofdlog = '/tmp/' + switch.name + '-ofd.log'
- ofplog = '/tmp/' + switch.name + '-ofp.log'
- switch.cmd( 'ifconfig lo up' )
- intfs = switch.intfs[ 1 : ] # 0 is mgmt interface
- switch.cmdPrint( 'ofdatapath -i ' + ','.join( intfs ) +
- ' ptcp: 1> ' + ofdlog + ' 2> '+ ofdlog + ' &' )
- switch.cmdPrint( 'ofprotocol tcp:' + controller.IP() +
- ' tcp:localhost 1> ' + ofplog + ' 2>' + ofplog + '&' )
-
-def stopOpenFlowU( switch ):
- "Stop OpenFlow reference user datapath on a switch."
- switch.cmd( "kill %ofdatapath" )
- switch.cmd( "kill %ofprotocol" )
-
-def dpgen():
- "Generator for OpenFlow kernel datapath names."
- dpCount = 0
- while True:
- yield 'nl:' + `dpCount`
- dpCount += 1
-
-def startOpenFlowK( switch, dp, controller):
- "Start up a switch connected to an OpenFlow reference kernel datapath."
- ofplog = '/tmp/' + switch.name + '-ofp.log'
- switch.cmd( 'ifconfig lo up' )
- # Delete local datapath if it exists;
- # then create a new one monitoring the given interfaces
- quietRun( 'dpctl deldp ' + dp )
- switch.cmdPrint( 'dpctl adddp ' + dp )
- switch.cmdPrint( 'dpctl addif ' + dp + ' ' + ' '.join( switch.intfs ) )
- switch.dp = dp
- # Become protocol daemon
- switch.cmdPrint( 'exec ofprotocol' +
- ' ' + dp + ' tcp:127.0.0.1 1> ' + ofplog + ' 2>' + ofplog + '&' )
-
-def stopOpenFlowK( switch ):
- "Terminate a switch using OpenFlow reference kernel datapath."
- quietRun( 'dpctl deldp ' + switch.dp )
- for intf in switch.intfs: quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf )
- switch.terminate()
-
-def stopOpenFlow( switch ):
- if hasattr(switch, 'dp' ): stopOpenFlowK( switch )
- else: stopOpenFlowU( switch )
-
-# Test scenarios and topologies
-
-def treeNet( controller, depth, fanout, snames=nameGen( 's' ),
- hnames=nameGen( 'h' ), kernel=True ):
- """Return a tree network of the given depth and fanout as a triple:
- ( root, switches, hosts ), using the given switch and host
- name generators, with the switches connected to the given
- controller."""
- if ( depth == 0 ):
- host = Node( hnames.next() )
- print host.name, ; flush()
- return host, [], [ host ]
- switch = Node( snames.next(), inNamespace=(not kernel) )
- if not kernel: createLink( switch, controller )
- print switch.name, ; flush()
- switches, hosts = [ switch ], []
- for i in range( 0, fanout ):
- child, slist, hlist = treeNet(
- controller, depth - 1, fanout, snames, hnames, kernel )
- createLink( switch, child )
- switches += slist
- hosts += hlist
- return switch, switches, hosts
-
-def treeNetTest( depth, fanout, test, kernel=True ):
- """Create a tree network of the given depth and fanout, and
- run test( controller, root, switches, hosts ) on it."""
- if kernel: print "*** Using kernel datapath"
- else: print "*** Using user datapath"
- print "*** Creating controller"
- controller = Node( 'c0', inNamespace=( not kernel ) )
- print "*** Creating tree network depth:", depth, "fanout:", fanout
- root, switches, hosts = treeNet( controller, depth, fanout, kernel=kernel )
- print
- if not kernel:
- print "*** Configuring control network"
- configRoutedControlNetwork( controller, switches )
- else: dp = dpgen()
- print "*** Configuring hosts"
- configHosts( hosts, ( 192, 168, 123, 1 ) )
- print "*** Starting reference controller"
- startController( controller )
- print "*** Starting switches"
- for switch in switches:
- if kernel: startOpenFlowK( switch, dp.next(), controller )
- else: startOpenFlowU( switch, controller )
- print "*** Running test"
- test( controller, root, switches, hosts )
- print "*** Stopping controller"
- stopController( controller )
- print "*** Stopping switches"
- for switch in switches:
- stopOpenFlow( switch )
+def pingTest( controllers, switches, hosts, verbose=False ):
+ "Test that each host can reach every other host."
+ packets = 0 ; lost = 0
+ for node in hosts:
+ if verbose:
+ print node.name, "->", ; flush()
+ for dest in hosts:
+ if node != dest:
+ result = node.cmd( 'ping -c1 ' + dest.IP() )
+ sent, received = parsePing( result )
+ packets += sent
+ if received > sent:
+ print "*** Error: received too many packets"
+ print result
+ node.cmdPrint( 'route' )
+ exit( 1 )
+ lost += sent - received
+ if verbose:
+ print ( dest.name if received else "X" ), ; flush()
+ if verbose: print
+ ploss = 100 * lost/packets
+ if verbose:
+ print "%d%% packet loss (%d/%d lost)" % ( ploss, lost, packets )
+ flush()
+ return ploss
-def treePingTest( depth, fanout, kernel=True ):
- "Run a ping test on a tree network with the given depth and fanout."
- test = lambda c, r, s, hosts : pingTest( hosts, verbose=True )
- treeNetTest( depth, fanout, test, kernel)
+def pingTestVerbose( controllers, switches, hosts ):
+ return pingTest( controllers, switches, hosts, verbose=True )
def iperf( hosts ):
"Run iperf between two hosts."
assert len( hosts ) == 2
host1, host2 = hosts[ 0 ], hosts[ 1 ]
- dumpNodes( [ host1, host2 ] )
- host1.cmdPrint( 'killall -9 iperf')
+ # dumpNodes( [ host1, host2 ] )
+ host1.cmdPrint( 'killall -9 iperf') # XXX shouldn't be global killall
host1.cmdPrint( 'iperf -s &' )
host2.cmdPrint( 'iperf -t 5 -c ' + host1.IP() )
host1.cmdPrint( 'kill -9 %iperf' )
-def iperfTest( depth=1, fanout=2, kernel=True ):
+def iperfTest( controllers, switches, hosts ):
"Simple iperf test between two hosts."
- def test( c, r, s, hosts ):
- h0, hN = hosts[ 0 ], hosts[ -1 ]
- print "*** iperfTest: Testing bandwidth between",
- print h0.name, "and", hN.name
- return iperf( [ h0, hN] )
- treeNetTest( depth, fanout, test, kernel )
+ h0, hN = hosts[ 0 ], hosts[ -1 ]
+ print "*** iperfTest: Testing bandwidth between",
+ print h0.name, "and", hN.name
+ return iperf( [ h0, hN] )
+
+# Simple CLI
+
+class Cli( object ):
+ "Simple command-line interface to talk to nodes."
+ cmds = [ '?', 'help', 'nodes', 'sh', 'pingtest', 'iperf', 'net', 'exit' ]
+ def __init__( self, controllers, switches, hosts ):
+ self.controllers = controllers
+ self.switches = switches
+ self.hosts = hosts
+ self.nodemap = {}
+ self.nodelist = controllers + switches + hosts
+ for node in self.nodelist:
+ self.nodemap[ node.name ] = node
+ self.run()
+ # Commands
+ def help( self, args ):
+ "Semi-useful help for CLI"
+ print "available commands are:", self.cmds
+ def nodes( self, args ):
+ "List available nodes"
+ print "available nodes are:", [ node.name for node in self.nodelist]
+ def sh( self, args ):
+ "Run an external shell command"
+ call( [ 'sh', '-c' ] + args )
+ def pingtest( self, args ):
+ pingTest( self.controllers, self.switches, self.hosts, verbose=True )
+ def net( self, args ):
+ for switch in self.switches:
+ print switch.name, "<->",
+ for intf in switch.intfs:
+ node, rintf = switch.connection[ intf ]
+ print node.name,
+ print
+ def iperf( self, args ):
+ print "iperf: got args", args
+ if len( args ) != 2:
+ print "usage: iperf <h1> <h2>"
+ return
+ for host in args:
+ if host not in self.nodemap:
+ print "iperf: cannot find host:", host
+ return
+ iperf( [ self.nodemap[ h ] for h in args ] )
+ # Interpreter
+ def run( self ):
+ "Read and execute commands."
+ print "*** cli: starting"
+ while True:
+ print "mininet> ", ; flush()
+ input = sys.stdin.readline()
+ if input == '': break
+ if input[ -1 ] == '\n': input = input[ : -1 ]
+ cmd = input.split( ' ' )
+ first = cmd[ 0 ]
+ rest = cmd[ 1: ]
+ if first in self.cmds and hasattr( self, first ):
+ getattr( self, first )( rest )
+ elif first in self.nodemap and rest != []:
+ node = self.nodemap[ first ]
+ # Substitute IP addresses for node names in command
+ rest = [ self.nodemap[ arg ].IP() if arg in self.nodemap else arg
+ for arg in rest ]
+ rest = ' '.join( rest )
+ # Interactive commands don't work yet, and
+ # there are still issues with control-c
+ print "***", node.name, ": running", rest
+ node.sendCmd( rest )
+ while True:
+ try:
+ done, data = node.monitor()
+ print data,
+ if done: break
+ except KeyboardInterrupt: node.sendInt()
+ print
+ elif first == '': pass
+ elif first in [ 'exit', 'quit' ]: break
+ elif first == '?': self.help( rest )
+ else: print "cli: unknown node or command: <", first, ">"
+ print "*** cli: exiting"
def fixLimits():
"Fix ridiculously small resource limits."
setrlimit( RLIMIT_NPROC, ( 4096, 8192 ) )
setrlimit( RLIMIT_NOFILE, ( 16384, 32768 ) )
-# Simple CLI
-
-def cliHelp( nodemap, c, s, h, args ):
- "Semi-useful help for CLI"
- print "available commands are:", cliCmds.keys()
-
-def cliNodes( nodemap, c, s, h, args ):
- "List available nodes"
- print "available nodes are:", nodemap.keys()
-
-def cliSh( nodemap, c, s, h, args ):
- "Run an external shell command"
- call( [ bash, '-c', args ] )
-
-def cliPingTest( map, c, s, hosts, args ):
- pingTest( hosts, verbose=True )
-
-def cliNet( map, c, switches, h, args ):
- for switch in switches:
- print switch.name, "<->",
- for intf in switch.intfs:
- node, rintf = switch.connection[ intf ]
- print node.name,
- print
-
-def cliIperf( map, c, switches, h, args ):
- print "iperf: got args", args
- if len( args ) != 2:
- print "usage: iperf <h1> <h2>"
- return
- for host in args:
- if host not in map:
- print "iperf: cannot find host:", host
- return
- iperf( [ map[ h ] for h in args ] )
-
-cliCmds = { '?': cliHelp, 'help': cliHelp, 'net': cliNet, 'nodes': cliNodes,
- 'pingtest': cliPingTest, 'iperf': cliIperf, 'sh': cliSh,
- 'exit': None }
-
-def cli( controllers, switches, hosts ):
- "Simple command-line interface to talk to nodes."
- print "*** cli: starting"
- nodemap = {}
- nodes = controllers + switches + hosts
- for node in nodes:
- nodemap[ node.name ] = node
- while True:
- print "mininet> ", ; flush()
- input = sys.stdin.readline()
- if input == '': break
- if input[ -1 ] == '\n': input = input[ : -1 ]
- cmd = input.split( ' ' )
- first = cmd[ 0 ]
- rest = cmd[ 1: ]
- if first in cliCmds: cliCmds[ first ](
- nodemap, controllers, switches, hosts, rest )
- elif first in nodemap and rest != []:
- node = nodemap[ first ]
- # Substitute IP addresses for node names in command
- rest = [ nodemap[ arg ].IP() if arg in nodemap else arg
- for arg in rest ]
- rest = ' '.join( rest )
- # Interactive commands don't work yet, and
- # there are still issues with control-c
- print "***", node.name, ": running", rest
- node.sendCmd( rest )
- while True:
- try:
- done, data = node.monitor()
- print data,
- if done: break
- except KeyboardInterrupt: node.sendInt()
- print
- elif first == '': pass
- elif first in [ 'exit', 'quit' ]: break
- else: print "cli: unknown node or command: <", first, ">"
- print "*** cli: exiting"
-
-def treeInteract( depth, fanout, kernel=True ):
- "Create a tree network and start the CLI."
- interact = lambda c, r, s, h : cli( [ c ], s, h )
- treeNetTest( depth, fanout, interact, kernel )
+def init():
+ # Note: this script must be run as root
+ # Perhaps we should do so automatically!
+ if os.getuid() != 0:
+ print "*** Mininet must run as root."; exit( 1 )
+ fixLimits()
if __name__ == '__main__':
- fixLimits()
+ init()
# for kernel in [ False, True ]:
- # treePingTest( depth=3, fanout=4, kernel=kernel )
- # treeInteract( depth=1, fanout=2, kernel=False )
- # iperfTest( depth=1, fanout=2, kernel=kernel )
- treeInteract( depth=1, fanout=2, kernel=False )
\ No newline at end of file
+ # TreeNet( depth=3, fanout=4, kernel=kernel).run( pingTest )
+ TreeNet( depth=2, fanout=32).run( Cli )
+ # LinearNet( switchCount=100 ).run( iperfTest)
+ # GridNet( 2, 2 ).run( Cli )
\ No newline at end of file